- Bloomer, A., Griffiths, P. & Merrison, A. J. (2013). Introducing language in use: A course book. London: Routledge.
- Brown, G., & Yule, G. (1983). Discourse analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Crystal, D. (2003). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Dabaghi, A. (2012 ) Telephone conversation opening in Iran: Males and females in focus. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 3 (3), 2039‐2117.
- Gumperz, J. J. (1982) Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Halmari, Helena. 1993. Intercultural business telephone conversations: a case of Finns vs.Anglo-Americans. Applied Linguistics 14, 408-430.
- Hopper, R. & Chen, C (1996) Language, culture, relationships: telephone openings in Taiwan. Research on Language and Social Interaction 29, 291-313.
- Hutchby, I. & Wooffitt, R. (1998) Conversation Analysis. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Pavlidou, T. (1994). Contrasting German-Greek politeness and the consequences. Journal of Pragmatics 21, 487-511.
- Saadah, A. (2009). The ‘How are you?’ sequence in telephone openings in Arabic. Illinois Working Papers, 171-186.
- Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974) A simplest systematics for the
- organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50, 696-735.
- Schegloff, E. (1968). Sequencing in conversational openings. American Anthropologist,70, 1075-1095.
- Schegloff, E. (1979). Identification and recognition in telephone conversation openings. In Psathas, G. (ed) Everyday Language Studies in Ethno Methodology. 23-78. NewYork: Irvington Publishers.
- Sun, H. (2004). Opening moves in informal Chinese telephone conversation .Journal of Pragmatics. 36(8), 1429-1465.
- Taleghani-Nikazm, C. (2002). A conversation analytical study of telephone conversation between native and nonnative speakers. Journal of Pragmatics. 34(12), 1807–1833.
- Wang. Y. (2009). An analysis of Chinese telephone conversations as part of oral test: A conversation analysis perspective. A thesis for the Degree of Master of Applied Linguistics. Australian National University
- Wardhaugh, R. (2010). An introduction to sociolinguistics. Oxford: Willey-Blackwell.
- Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
)