Manipulation and perceptual study of the statement into yes/no question type based on tilt model and synchronisation pattern

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Linguistics department, foreign languages faculty, The university of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

The previous studies have shown that the difference between question and statement types is in the utterance-final edge. The aim is to determine the manipulation of which parts of the pitch curve perceptively influences the sentence type. And, to what degree, can the manipulation of the utterance-final edge affect the perception of the listeners and lead them to understand the statement as question? These manipulations have been done in two steps: first the target points were manipulated in statement sentence through the tilt pattern and then through the duration intonation synchronisation pattern by Praat software. Perceptual salience of these target points is investigated through questionnaire identification tests. According to the results, the utterance-final edge can not categorically convert the statement into question, but it is an important factor in determining the sentence type. Approximately 90% of the listeners perceive the utterance manipulated at the nucleous peak as question.

Keywords

References

  • اسلامی، محرم (1384). واجشناسی: تحلیل نظام آهنگ زبان فارسی. تهران، سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاه­ها (سمت)، مرکز تحقیق و توسعه علوم انسانی.
  • باطنی، محمدرضا (1370). توصیف ساختمان دستور زبان فارسی، تهران، انتشارات امیرکبیر.
  • توحیدی، جلیل (1389). پژوهشی در صوت­شناسی فارسی جدید، ترجمه لطف‌الله یارمحمدی و محمدرضا پرهیزگار، تهران، سمت.
  • درزی، علی و صادقی، وحید (1394). تعیین همبستگی­های نحوی و آوائی در ساخت ارتقائی و مبتداسازی در زبان فارسی، تهران، دانشگاه تهران.
  • سپنتا، ساسان (1354). «بررسی­های تجربی در آهنگ جمله». مجله دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی (دانشگاه اصفهان)، شماره 9. 84- 92.
  • صادقی، وحید (1397). ساخت نوایی زبان فارسی: تکیه واژگانی و آهنگ، تهران، سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاه­ها (سمت)، مرکز تحقیق و توسعه علوم انسانی.
  • وحیدیان کامیار، تقی(1379). نوای گفتار (تکیه، آهنگ، مکث) در فارسی، مشهد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
  • Bolinger, D. (1978). "Intonation across languages, In Universals of human language", Phonology, (J. Greenberg, C. A. Ferguson & E.A. Moravcsik, editors). 2:471-524, Stanford, Stanford University Press.
  • Boersma, P. & Weenink, D. (2017). Praat: doing Ponetics by computer [Computer program]. Version 6.0.36, Retrived from http://www.praat. Org/.
  • Cruttenden, A. (1997). Intonation, 2nd edition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • D`Imperio, M., House, D. (1997). "Perception of questions and statements in Neapolitan Italian", Proceedings of Eurospeech, vol. 1, pp. 251-254.
  • Eslami, M. (2000). Šenaxt-e næva-ye goftar-e zæban-e farsi væ karbord-e an dær bazsazi væ bazšenasi-ye rayane’i-ye goftar [The prosody of the Persian language and its application in computer-aided speech recognition]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Tehran.
  • Fletcher, J., Harrington, J. (2001). "High rising terminals and fall-rises in Australian English", Phonetica 58(4), pp. 215-229.
  • Gosy, M. & Terken, J. (1994). "Question marking in Hungarian: timing and height of pitch peaks", Journal of Phonetics. 22: 269-281.
  • Gussenhoven, C. and Chen, A. (2000). "Universal and Language-Specific effects in the perception of question intonation", Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP) 91-94.
  • Hadding-Koch, K. & Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1964). "An experimental study of some intonation contours", 11: 175-185.
  • Hayati, M. (1998). "A Contrastive analysis of English and Persian intonation", Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics (Pozan, Poland) 34: 53- 72.
  • Heeren, w. & Heuven, V.J. Van (2009). "Perception and Production of Boundary Tones in Whispered Dutch", In INTERSPEECH- 2009, 2411- 2414.
  • Jun, S. (2005). Prosodic typology, In: Jun S editor. Prosodic typology: the phonology of intonation and phrasing, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 430-58.
  • Kerkhoff, J. (2017). "SCRIPT Tilt Analysis and Resynthesis", University of Nijmegen Department of Language and Speech. The Netherlands.
  • Kerkhoff, J. (2017). "Duration Intonation Synchronisation", University of Nijmegen Department of Language and Speech. The Netherlands.
  • Ladd, D. R. (1981). "On intonational universals", In the Cognitive Representation of Speech, T. Myers et al. (eds.). Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing, pp. 389-399.
  • Lee, Hye sook. (2007). "Interrogative Intonation in North Kyungsang Korean: Language- Specificity and Universality of Acoustic and Perceptual Cues", Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory. 16: 57-100.
  • Mahjani, B. (2003). An Instrumental Study of Prosodic Features and Intonation in Modern Farsi, Linguistics and Social Sciences University of Edinburgh.
  • Petrone, C. & Niebuhr, O. (2013). "On the Intonation of German Intonation Questions: the Role of the Prenuclear Region", language and speech. 1- 39.
  • Sadat- Tehrani, N. (2011). "The Intonation patterns of Interrogatives in Persian", Linguistic Discovery. 9.1: 105- 136.
  • Sadat- Tehrani, N. (2007), The intonational Grammar of Persian, Doctoral dissertation, university of Manitoba.
  • Taylor, A.P. (2009). Text to speech synthesis, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Taylor, A.P. (1995). "The rise/fall connection model of intonation", Speech Communication, 1. 168-187.
  • Taylor, A.P. (1993). "Acoustic recognition of intonation from F0 Contours using the rise/fall connection model", In the Processing of Euro speech, Berlin, 164-178.
  • Taylor, A.P. (1992). A phonetic model of English intonation: A thesis submitted for the Doctoral  dissertation, UK, University of Edinburg.
  • Vahidian-Kamyar, T. (2001). Næva-ye goftar dær farsi [Melody of speech in Persian].Mashhad, Ferdowsi University Press.
  • Whitehead, RL; Schiavetti, N, Metz, DE; Gallant, D., Whitehead, BH. (2000). "Sentence intonation and syllable tress in speech produced during simultaneous Communication", J Commun Disord. 33(5): 42940; quiz 440-1.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics