Theft Frame in Persian and English

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Prof., Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood

2 English Department, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran

Abstract

This paper attempts to describe the Theft Frame and concentrate on its Persian Lexical Units (LUs). As it is mentioned in Fillmore and Atkins (2000), lexical differences between synonyms in monolingual dictionaries are underestimated. In this research, within the ‘Theft’ frame, we aim at showing how synonymous LUs in Persian are distinguished despite the fact that they exist within a single frame. Meanwhile, our more general purpose is to define the ‘Theft’ Frame. To do this research, lexical entries for lexemes related to Theft Frame such as ‘dozdidan’, serqat kardan’, dastbord zadan’ and ‘extelas kardan’ are extracted from Sokhan Dictionary. The data and examples are collected either from Bijan Khan Corpus or from some Websites, movies and stories. Frame elements such as Perpetrator, Goods and Victim are not only active in defining lexical differences, but also are Frame-to-Frame Relations to a Crime Frame essential for determining the type of crimes.

Keywords

Main Subjects


-  انوری، حسن (1390)، فرهنگ بزرگ سخن (8 جلدی)، تهران: سخن.
-  توکلی، مهدی (1393)، «راهزنی در حقوق ایران»، مجله پیام آموزش 29 و 30، قابل دسترس در:
-  حسابی، اکبر (1395)، «قالب­های معنایی"خوردن" از منظر معناشناسی قالبی»، زبان و زبان­شناسی 11(22)،1-26.
-  موسوی، سید حمزه؛ عموزاده، محمد و رضایی، والی (1394)، «بررسی واژۀ "دیدن" بر اساس معناشناسی قالبی»، جستارهای زبانی 6(7)، 219 – 236.
-  نایب­لویی، فاطمه؛ عاصی، سید مصطفی و افراشی، آزیتا (1394)، «شبکه معنایی قالب­بنیاد (فریم­نت) در زبان فارسی»، مجله پژوهش­های زبان­شناسی تطبیقی 5 (9)، 257 – 275.
-  Atkins, B. T. (1995), "The role of the example in a frame semantics dictionary". In M. Shibatani, & S. A. Thompson, Essays in Semantics and Pragmatics: IHonor of Charles J. Fillmore (vol. 32) (24-42), London: John Benjamins Publishing.
-  Atkins, S., Rundell, M., & Sato, H. (2003), "The contribution of FrameNet to practical lexicography:, International Journal of Lexicography, 16 (3), 333-357.
-  Ausubel, D. P. (1963), The psychology of meaningful verbal learning. New York: Grune and Stratton.
-  Ausubel, D. P. (1968), Educational psychology: a cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
-  Baker, C. F. (1999), Seeing clearly: frame semantics, psycholinguistic, and cross-linguistic approachesto the semantics of the English verb 'see' (Unpublished Dissertation), California: University of California, Berkeley.
-  Baker, C. F., Fillmore, C. J., & Cronin, B. (2003), "The structure of the framenet database", International Journal of Lexicography, 16 (3), 285-296.
-  Baker, C. F., Fillmore, C. J., & Lowe, J. B. (1998), "The Berkeley FrameNet Project", Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics-Volume 1(86-90). Berkeley : Association for Computational Linguistics.
-  Bartlett, F. (1932), Remembering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-  Charniak, E. (1975), Organization and inference in a frame-like system of common sense knowledge. Castagnola: ISCS.
-  Coyne, B., Rambow, O., Hirschberg, J., & Sproat, R. (2010), "Frame semantics in text-to-scene generation". In Coyne, B., Rambow, O., Hirschberg, J., & Sproat, R. (2010). Frame semaKnowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems (375-384). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
-  De Beaugrande, R., & Dressler, W. (1981), Introduction to text linguistics. New York: Longmans.
-  Dux, Ryan J. (2011), a frame-semantic analysis of five English verbs evoking the Theft (Unpublished MA Thesis), Austin: University of Texas.
-  Fillmore, C. J. (1968), "The case for case". In E. Bach, & R. Harms, Universals in Linguistic Theory (21-130). New York: Holt, Reinehart & Winston.
-  Fillmore, C. J. (1975), "An alternative to checklist theories of meaning". Proceedings to the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (123-131). Amesterdam: Holland.
-  Fillmore, C. J. (1976), "Frame semantics and the nature of language". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 280(1), 20-32.
-  Fillmore, C. J. (1977a), "The case for case reopened". In P. Cole, & J. Sadock, Syntax and Semantics 8: Grammatical Relations (59-81). New York: Academic Press.
-  Fillmore, C. J. (1977b), "Scenes-and-frames semantics". In A. Zampolli, Linguistic Structures Processing (Fundamental Studies in Computer Science 5) (55-81). Amesterdam: North Holland.
-  Fillmore, C. J. (1977c), Topics in lexical semantics. In R. W. Cole, Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
-  Fillmore, C. J. (1982), "Frame semantics". The Linguistic Society of Korea: Linguistic in the Morning Calm, 65-137.
-  Fillmore, C. J. (1985), "Frames and the semantics of understanding", Quaderni di Semantica 6, 222-254.
-  Fillmore, C. J. (2007), "Valency issues in FrameNet1". In T. Herbst, & K. Götz-Votteler, Valency: theoretical, descriptive and cognitive issues (vol 187) (129-160). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
-  Fillmore, C. J., & Atkins, B. S. (2000), "Describing polysemy: the case of 'crawl". In Y. Ravin, & C. Leacock, Polysemy: Theoretical and Computational Approaches (91-110). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-  Fillmore, C. J., & Atkins, B. T. (1992), "Toward a frame-based lexicon: the semantics of RISK and its neighbors". In A. Lehrer, & E. Kittay, Frames, Fields, and Contrasts (75-102). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.
-  Fillmore, C. J., & Atkins, B. T. (1994), Starting where the dictionaries stop: the challenge of corpus lexicography. In B. T. Atkins, & A. Zampolli, Computational Approaches to the Lexicon (349-393). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-  Fillmore, C. J., & Baker, C. F. (2010), A frames approach to semantic analysis. In B. Heine, & H. Narrog, The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis (313-339). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-  Fillmore, C. J., Baker, C. F., & Sato, H. (2004), "FrameNet as a "Net"", Proceedings of LREC, Vol 4 (1091-1094), Lisbon: ELRA.
-  Fillmore, C. J., Johnson, C. R., & Petruck, M. R. (2003), "Background to FrameNet", International Journal of Lexicography, Vol. 16 No. 3, 235-250.
-  Helbig, G. (1992), Probleme der Valenz- und Kasustheorie. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer,
-  Herbst, T. & Götz-Votteler, K. (2007), Valency: Theoretical, descriptive and cognitive issues, Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
-  Lakoff, G. (1983), "Categories: an essay in cognitive linguistics". In L. S. Korea, Linguistics in the Morning Calm(139-194). Seoul: Hanshin.
-  Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2003), Metaphors we live by. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
-  Langacker, R. (1984), Action zones. In "BLS" 10, (172-188). Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
-  Minsky, M. (1975), A framework for representing knowledge. Winston, 211-277.
-  Rumelhart, D. E. (1975), Notes on a schema for theories. In Bobrow and Collins (211-236).
-  Ruppenhofer, J., Ellsworth, M., Petruck, M., Johnson, C., & Scheffczyk, J. (2010), Framenet II: theory and practice, California: International Computer Science Institute.
-  Schank, R., & Abelson, R. (1977), Scripts, plans and understanding. Hillsdale N. J.: L. Erlbaum.
-  Siegel, L. J. (2011), Criminology: The core (fourth edition), Toronto: Thomson Wadsworth.
-  Wilks, Y. (1980), Frames, semantics, and novelty. In Metzing(134-163).
-  Winogard, T. (1975), Frame representations and the relative-procedural controversy. In Bobrow and Collins(185-210).