A study of the glottal wave of liquid consonant /r/ in Persian Language

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Isfahan University

Abstract

This study aims at observing the glottal wave of the liquid consonant /r/ in Persian language. For this end, the voices of 10 speakers were first recorded using EGG and Speech Studio, Praat, EGG Works, the closed stage of each period was measured. The findings show that the closed quotient of the glottal wave /r/ decreases at the beginning of a word, between two words, and also before and after voiced consonants. /r/ is articulated in a flapped way between two vowels and also at the end of a word after voiced and voiceless consonants and in the middle of a word before voiceless consonants and at the end of a word after vowels becomes devoice. The manner of articulation of this consonant at the end of word and after voiced and voiceless consonants becomes fricative. Also, in all utterances of /r/ there is a difference between men and women.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

-  سپنتا، ساسان (1377)، آواشناسی فیزیکی زبان فارسی؛ اصفهان: نشر گل‌ها.
-  صادقی، وحید (1389)، «آواشناسی و واج‌شناسی همخوان­های چاکنایی»، پژوهش­های زبان­شناسی، بهار و تابستان، شمارۀ دوم: 94-26.
-  صادقی، وحید (1390)، «تنوع واجگونه‌ای/r/ در زبان فارسی: مطالعۀ آزمایشگاهی»: مجلۀ انجمن زبان­شناسی ایران، پائیز و زمستان، شمارۀ دوم: 23-1.
-  علی‌نژاد، بتول؛ حسینی بالام، فهیمه (1391)، مبانی آواشناسی آکوستیکی؛ چاپ اول، اصفهان: دانشگاه اصفهان.
- موسوی، ندا؛ علی­نژاد، بتول (1394)، «بررسی موج چاکنایی واکه­های فارسی با استفاده از الکتروگلوتوگرافی»: پژوهش­های زبان­شناسی، بهار و تابستان، سال 6.  شمارۀ 1: 80-61.
-  Baken, R. J. (1992), »Electroglottography«, Journal of Voice, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 98–110.
-  Childers, DG. Hicks, DM. Moore GP. Eskenazi L. Lalwani AL. (1990), »Electroglottography and vocal fold physiology«, CRC Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 12, 131-161.
-  Chomsky, N. and Halle, M (1968). »The sound pattern of English«. Harper and Row, New York.
-  Colton, R. H. and Conture, E. G. (1990), »Problems and pitfalls of electroglottography«, Journal of Voice, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 10–24.
-  Faria, A. (1989), »Estimation of glottal source parameters from diverse signals«. University of Berkeley.
-  Henrich, N., d’Alessandro, C., Doval, B. & Castellengo, M. (2004), »On the use of the derivative of electroglottographic signals for characterization of nonpathological phonation«, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 1321–1332.
-  Laver, J. (1994), »Principles of phonetics«, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
-  Lieberman, Ph. And Blumstein. (1998), Speech physiology, speech perception, and acoustic phonetics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-  Marasek, K. (1997), »EGG & voice quality«, web page. Referenced 20 December 2004.
-  Pulakka, H. (2005), »Analysis of Human voice production using Inverse filtering, High- Speed Imaging, And Electroglottography«, Helsinki University of Technology. Department of Computer Science and Engineering.
-  Rosenberg, A. E. (1971), »Effect of glottal pulse shape on the quality of natural vowels«, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 49, no. 2, 583–590.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics